Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: multi-slice computed tomography findings

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to describe the multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) features of clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the ovary. METHODS Twenty patients with histology-confirmed CCC of the ovary were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent preoperative plain and contrast-enhanced MSCT examinations. Imaging studies were evaluated for the following: (a) location; (b) maximal transverse diameter; (c) shape (round, oval, lobular, or irregular); (d) margin (well defined or ill defined); (e) solid, solid with cystic regions, or cystic; (f) attenuation of the cystic portion; (g) enhancement pattern of the solid portions of the tumor; and (h) the secondary manifestations. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 63 years (range, 44 to 77 years). Tumors were unilateral in 19 patients and bilateral on 1 patient. The maximal transverse diameter of the tumors was relatively larger with a mean diameter of 105.7 mm (range, 45.5 to 260.6 mm). CCCs demonstrated cystic masses with solid regions in 20 lesions. Most lesions were ovoid (15/21), unilocular (16/21), and well-defined (17/21). The CT value of cystic or necrotic portion ranged from 12 to 28 HU (average, 18 HU) on plain image. The solid protrusions of the cystic masses were both few and round with obviously heterogeneous enhancements after contrast. CONCLUSIONS The ovarian CCCs typically present as a large, well-defined, unilocular cystic mass with solid protrusion and relatively high attenuated cystic or necrotic portions. The solid protrusions are usually both round and few in number with obviously heterogeneous enhancement.